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Asphaltene (AS) is one of important heavy intermediates of direct coal liquefaction (DCL). It has significant influences on the technology of liquefaction, such as the coking property and the liquefaction efficiency. In this paper, the structure of AS derived from the liquefaction of Xiaolongtan lignite (XLT, a Chinese lignite) was characterized by element analysis, FTIR, UV and fluorescence spectroscopy,...
Postcombustion CO 2 capture by calcium looping (CaL) is being rapidly developed for coal combustion applications. This work discusses the impact of the accumulation of CaSO 4 and other inert solids on CO 2 capture efficiency and the overall CaL process performance. Several process configurations are considered, and the mass and energy balances and an updated carbonator reactor...
Hindered diffusion and adsorption phenomena of coal asphaltenes inside the porous network of hydrotreating catalysts are discussed in this paper. After solvent extraction from a coal-derived liquid and solubilization in THF, asphaltenes were contacted with a series of mesoporous hydrotreating catalysts and adsorption–diffusion phenomena recorded by UV–Vis spectroscopy measurements. The effect of the...
We report herein on the catalytic upgrading of crude oil, produced from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa over platinum on gamma alumina (Pt/γ-Al 2 O 3 ) in supercritical water (SCW) at 400°C for 1h. We determined the influence of catalyst loading (varied from 0 to 40wt.%), water density (varied from 0 to 0.1g/cm 3 ), and formic acid (HCOOH) loading (varied...
Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI), also known as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), is one of the most promising combustion technologies to reduce the fuel consumption and NOx emissions. Currently, CAI combustion is constrained at part load operation conditions because of misfire at low load and knocking combustion at high load, and the lack of effective means to control the combustion process...
The oleoresin industries in India make use of the spice residue as boiler fuel and the combustion of this waste biomass generates tons of ash everyday. Herein the study we have carried out the characterization of this industrial waste ash in order to have a broad awareness of its properties in terms of toxicity, composition and possible utility. Techniques like XRF, ICP-AES, SEM–EDS, surface area,...
Calcium oxide is an appropriate catalyst for biodiesel production. In this study, an inexpensive and environment-friendly catalyst was used. The waste mussel shell collected in of Persian Gulf coast is a source of calcium carbonate which changes to calcium oxide in calcinations temperatures higher than 950°C. Transesterification reaction was done in the presence of soybean oil, methanol and mussel...
The modeling through computational fluid dynamics of oxy-natural-gas combustion experimental tests in a 3MW semi-industrial furnace equipped with a low NOx burner is discussed. Since the complex geometry of the burner and the size of the furnace, a modeling strategy has been adopted to diminish the computational time and thus to make the simulations affordable. The model aims at validating different...
Fast pyrolysis liquid or bio-oil has been used in engines with limited success. It requires a pilot fuel and/or an additive for successful combustion and there are problems with materials and liquid properties. It is immiscible with all conventional hydrocarbon fuels. Biodiesel, a product of esterification of vegetable oil with an alcohol, is widely used as a renewable liquid fuel as an additive to...
This study investigated the effects of synthetically designed diesel fuel properties i.e. cetane number (CN), aromatic content, and 90% distillation temperature (T90) on the combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in low-temperature diesel combustion (LTC). LTC was achieved by a similar approach to previous work via alteration of injection strategy, a cooled heavy EGR rate at low speed and...
The Cu x –Zn y –O (Cu:Zn=x:y) mixed oxide catalysts with different Cu:Zn atomic ratio were prepared through a new solid-state reaction method. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), N 2 adsorption and H 2 temperature programmed reduction (H ...
Stable oil field emulsions create challenging conditions in the petroleum production industry. One important characteristic affecting the stability and rheology of emulsions is the Droplet Diameter Distribution (DDD). A few techniques are available to determine the DDD in clear and dark liquid/liquid mixtures. Most of them, like the traditional light scattering techniques, require sampling and dilution...
The melting temperature of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) have been measured both at atmospheric pressure by using a μDSC calorimeter and at high pressure (up to 80MPa) thanks to a dedicated microscope. The values obtained at atmospheric pressure have been compared with literature data. The influence of the chain structure on the melting temperatures has been discussed, as well as the slopes of...
The deactivation and regeneration of Ni supported over hierarchical Beta zeolite catalyst was investigated. Ni/h-Beta was deactivated by coke deposition during the hydroreforming of the product from LDPE thermal cracking, being this coke mostly located inside the micropores (71% coverage). Its regeneration by calcination in stagnant air at 550°C followed by reduction under H 2 up to 550°C...
The emission norms on internal combustion engine are becoming more and more stringent with a view to improve the ambient air quality. Emissions of Particulate Matter and Oxides of Nitrogen are the focus of today’s diesel emission control technologies. Nanometal oxide additives are reported to be effective in lowering diesel emissions. The diesel fuel formulation along with engine development can achieve...
Diesel combustion and the formation of pollutants are directly influenced by the spatial and temporal distributions of the fuel within the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The requirements for more efficient and responsive diesel engines have led to the introduction and implementation of multiple injection strategies. However, the effects of such injection modes on the hydraulic...
This paper examined the behavior and NO emission of laminar non-premixed methane/air jet flames when subjected to high frequency alternating electric fields of 10kHz over the voltage range of 0–4.0kV. In particular, this paper examined variations of flame shape and luminosity, CO and NO molar fractions in the downstream flue gas, and chemiluminescence from OH ∗ and CH ∗ in the voltage-influenced...
Through the reaction of methane reforming with CO 2 , the influence of calcination temperature on the NiO/MgO catalyst prepared by impregnation was investigated. Results indicated that the NiO/MgO catalyst torrefied at 800°C displayed stronger interactions between metal and support, and also exhibited higher activity. In order to provide further insight into the adsorption and hydrogenated...
The spray and combustion characteristics of gasoline and diesel were investigated in a direct injection compression ignition engine equipped with a common rail injection system. The spray evolution was observed under a non-evaporating condition in a constant volume chamber and under an evaporating condition in an optical engine. Under the non-evaporating condition, the liquid penetration length was...
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